The piriformis muscle sits underneath the gluteal, or butt, muscles and runs to the outside of the thigh.The sciatic nerve runs underneath the pirifomis muscle, or occasionally through the muscle.Swelling of the piriformis muscle can aggravate the sciatic nerve, causing pain that is also known as piriformis syndrome. Causes
According to the website Sportsmed, the main causes of piriformis syndrome is tightening, or shortening, of the muscle from overloading the muscle or biomechanical problems.Running, exercise on uneven ground, hard surfaces or for long periods of time and sitting for long periods of time are examples of overload.Running or walking with toes pointed out and stiff muscles in the lower back, hip and buttocks are some of the biomechanical causes of piriformis syndrome.It is also important to wear proper shoes while exercising because that can also cause piriformis syndrome.
Symptoms
Pain is the most common symptom of piriformis syndrome, according to the website for the Stretching Institute.The pain is typically deep in the hip and buttocks area but can be anywhere from the lower back to the thigh.Stiffness, weakness and movement restriction are often reported as well as tingling and numbness in the legs.
Treatment
Because piriformis syndrome is a soft tissue injury, treatment begins with rest, ice, compression, elevation and referral to the appropriate medical professional.Progressive stretching is also used in treatment of piriformis syndrome.The appropriate treatment is decided by your medical provider.
Stretches
Stretching the piriformis can be used in both treatment and prevention of piriformis syndrome.One stretch involves sitting with one leg straight in front of the body and holding the ankle of the opposite leg and pulling it to your chest.An additional stretch involves laying face down with one leg bent under your stomach.Once in this position, lean toward the ground for the stretch.This second stretch is known as the piriformis stretch.
Prevention
Beginning each workout with a thorough warm-up will help to increase blood flow to the muscles, preparing them for exercise.Equally important is ending each workout with a thorough cool-down in order to allow muscles to recover and rest.Increasing the strength and flexibility of the hip, buttock and lower back muscles will also help in preventing piriformis syndrome as well as other soft tissue injuries.
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